Grammatical Case of Graedjoan Giantish
Graedjoan Giantish is a full-tripartite language, meaning that it distinguishes both between the agent of a transitive sentence, other nouns in a transitive sentence, and the subject of an intransitive sentence.
The cases of Graedjoan Giantish are:
The Absolutive Case, which is marked with the affix "be-" The Absolutive Case is given to nouns that are the subject of an intransitive sentence. Take for example, "The door opened." Door would be in the absolutive case.
The Accusative Case, which is marked with the affix "-ed" The Accusative Case is given to nouns that are the direct object of a transitive sentence. Take for example, "She hit him." Him would be in the accusative case.
The Ergative Case, which is marked with the affix "-∅" a zero morpheme. The Ergative Case is given nouns that are the agent of a transitive sentence. Take for example, "She hit him." She would be in the ergative case.
The Adessive Case, which is marked with the affix "-irr" The Adessive Case is a locative case, denoting that an action is occurring on a location--meaning something equivalent to, "The person is on the lake." Lake would be in the adessive case.
The Inessive Case, which is marked with the affix "dzi-" The Inessive Case is a locative case, denoting that an action is occurring in a location--meaning something equivalent to, "The man was in the house." House would be in the inessive case.
The Intrative Case, which is marked with the affix "ma-WORD-am" The Intrative Case is a locative case, denoting that an action is occurring between two locations--meaning something equivalent to, "The dog played between the house and the fence." House and fence would both be in the intrative case.
The Subessive Case, which is marked with the affix "-lom" The Subessive Case is a locative case, denoting that an action is occurring below the noun--meaning something equivalent to, "He lived below the bridge." Bridge would be in the subessive case
The Superessive Case, which is marked with the affix "-iz" The Superessive Case is a locative case, denoting that an action is occurring above the noun--meaning something equivalent to, "The fox jumped over the fence." Fence would be in the superessive Case.
The Instrumental Case, which is marked with the affix "-urr" The Instrumental Case is given to nouns that are being used as an instrument for the performance of another action. In the sentence, "She played the piano with chopsticks," Chopsticks would be in the instrumental case.
The Dative Case, which is marked with the affix "-un" The Dative Case is given to nouns that are the indirect object of a transitive sentence. Take for example the sentence, "The cat gave the man a dead mouse." In this sentence, the man would be in the dative case.
The Possessive Case, which is marked with the affix "-yv" The Possessive Case is given to nouns that are possessing another noun. Take for example the sentence, "Those are John's books." In this sentence, John would be in the possessive case.
The Possessed Case, which is marked with the affix "gyl-" The Possessed Case is given to nouns that are possessed by another noun. Take for example the sentence, "Those are John's books." In this sentence, books would be in the possessed case.
The Genitive Case, which is marked with the affix "cy-" The Genitive Case in Graedjoan Giantish is different than most genitive cases found in other languages, as Graedjoan Giantish has a possessive case marking, which the genitive usually functions as. In Graedjoan Giantish, the genitive indicates that a noun is modifying another noun in a non-possessive manner. Take for example the phrase, "The glory of Rome." In this sentence, Rome would be in the genitive, and glory would be in the accusative.
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